Art parquet and its varieties

Art parquet is a popular floor covering. It belongs to the premium class, which makes it an elite finish. The cover resembles a magnificent carpet with multiple decor. It is distinguished by a clearly thought-out design, original design, subtlety of the pattern and the harmonious combination of several tree species.

Types of art flooring and their features

Wood is a natural material that is easy to process and modify. The creation of art flooring, as well as its subsequent installation is a long and painstaking work. It requires painstaking workmanship.

Art parquet itself is divided into types, depending on the technique of creation. Additionally, you need to take into account the density of wood, the type of cut, a change in characteristics with humidity, an increase or decrease in temperature.

The following types are distinguished:

1. Intarsia. This art parquet is based on carving individual elements from wood. During the installation process, each piece crashes into a parquet coating, which most often has a monochrome color. An important point is the tight fit of the lines of the pattern. This method allows you to display uniqueness and emphasize sophistication. Additionally, small inserts can be presented, which are laid on top of the main design.
2. Marquetry. This method of creation is based on the mosaic technique for wood. To do this, choose a special base on which to sketch. Further, from individual pieces of wood begins a long collection of a full-fledged picture. In other words, the intarsia technique is initially used, and then it is complemented by assembly and mounting on the shield. Marquetry offers a modular structure for large designs. This allows you to create an incredibly luxurious art flooring, which will become your dignity in the interior.
3. Inlay. It involves the use of a variety of materials besides wood. Amber, metal, jade and onyx are in demand. The cost of such models is high when compared with more traditional options for art flooring. The technology of creation is complex and intricate, requiring incredible professionalism, accuracy and experience from the master. But in the interior inlaid parquet looks luxurious and magnificent.

Art parquet is a real work of art. Despite the high cost, every day it becomes more and more popular. Today, many manufacturers are trying to adapt the flooring to the needs of consumers. That is why many parquet models can be purchased at an affordable price. Their design value will certainly be appreciated in the interior.

Parquet itself can be implemented in the interior in any style. Classicism is in demand, in which emphasis is placed on the severity of lines and the luxury of forms. An interesting option would be modern, striking the smoothness and curvature of the lines.

Categories of parquet compositions

All parquet compositions are presented in four main categories. They vary depending on the way of laying and their role in the interior. The following options are distinguished:

1. Artistic "sockets". They are represented by a variety of tree species, which are mounted in a separate drawing. Its complexity is determined by the complexity of the image itself. Most often it is placed inside a certain geometric shape, achieving harmony. This type is in demand, but differs in high complexity. Its installation requires necessarily the appropriate tool and professionalism of the masters.
2. Modular designs. They are represented by various wooden structures. They will be located exquisite drawing. The marquetry technique is used, which allows you to compose an amazing image from individual modules. The decorative layer in thickness most often is not more than 5 mm. With increasing thickness, the service life of the product also increases.
3. Mosaic or typesetting package. Any creation technique is in demand here. The pattern is placed on the elements that are laid in accordance with the pattern. A grid or a bar is responsible for supporting the form, and the elements themselves are mounted on a base coated with glue or having such properties. The thickness of the parquet in the general case reaches 15 mm, which makes it easy to combine it with other single combinations.
4. Borders. They are a kind of combination of both models and sockets. They look incredibly elegant and are used for zoning the space. The main task of the border in the interior is the selection of the image. The pattern can be strict or symmetrical in shape, depending on your preference.

Some experts argue that art flooring is sometimes presented in the form of a free form of creativity. It is represented using the effects of a variety of processing methods to achieve an aesthetic effect. This allows you to interestingly complement the interior, focusing on its style and basic design features.

Care Features

To art parquet pleased with its appearance and durability, you need to take care of its proper care. An important point is the temperature in the room. It is preferable to maintain it always at the same level regardless of the time of year.

Optimum values ​​range from +20 to +25 degrees. Humidity must meet the requirements so that the coating is not damaged. Most often, a range of 40-60% is sufficient. If necessary, you can use a special humidifier for air.

Care itself is based on daily cleaning. It is enough to sweep with a soft broom or vacuum using a soft nozzle. The main enemies of the cover are sand and dirt particles. Inadmissible luxury to walk on the parquet in heels, and it is also worth protecting it from the claws of pets. Cleaning can also be done with a damp cloth and special products. Art flooring is a luxury that adds exclusivity to the interior, but requires proper care.

What it is?

Artistic parquet is a floor covering, in the manufacture of which several types of wood are used. It has a clear pattern or ornament, forming a solid image on the floor. Also, this type of coating is called aged or antique, as it looks in the manner of a royal choir.

For the first time, art parquet appeared in France a couple of centuries ago. It was from there that the tradition of decorating floors with carpets and draperies of walls with silk covers began. Laying of compositions of several types of wood has been constantly improved and in Russia has already appeared in perfect execution.

The constant change of eras and the emergence of new styles led to a shift of the pattern to the bottom. The clarity of lines and symmetry inherent in the classical style, unusual baroque motifs, wide lines of the Romanesque style - all this can be seen on modern parquet floors. Of course, to create an old-fashioned image, they usually lay the floor with geometric patterns, for example, squares, inside which the same pictures are depicted.

Standard parquet is made from one species of wood, and this is precisely its main difference from the artistic look.

In addition, he does not have a particularly pronounced pattern.

Production Features

The production technology of this kind of flooring is quite complicated. For it, it is necessary to carefully select the wood and take into account the features of the room in which the floor will be laid. In the production of coatings, aspen, pear, birch, cedar, maple and some exotic types of wood are used, and the manufacture itself involves the use of new equipment that can perfectly accurately cut complex parts. Laser technology allows you to smoothly and accurately create a pattern so that later you do not have to adjust the pattern.

They make art parquet in several ways:

• The most common is the market.in which all the elements of the picture are placed deep into the coating to obtain a complete image.
• The second most popular method is Intrasia.. It provides for the installation of the picture at a certain depth of the parquet.
• Inlay allows you to use several materials, for example, metal, wood and stone. This combination allows you to create a unique design, but it is also quite expensive. The complexity of the technology, the experience of the manufacturer, the skill and accuracy of the workers - all this affects the cost of coverage.
• The oldest method of manufacturing is the countess.but this technology has long been lost.

Art parquet can be performed in various styles, ranging from classics to modern.

There are many types of art parquet. This is due to the fact that it is designed to look harmoniously in any interior and be the embodiment of luxury. To date, the most popular are:

• Modular, it is a shield, parquet - is a prefabricated structure, which consists of wooden dies. To get a clear and complete picture, these dice are connected around the perimeter. This variety usually provides a symmetrical pattern with geometric figures, and the shield itself has a square shape.

• "Power socket" - consists of round or oval elements that are united in the central part of the composition. If this type of coating is purchased in a store, then, as a rule, it has a symmetrical pattern, while an individual project can have an arbitrary pattern. For the manufacture of "sockets", specialists can use more than 15 types of wood.

• "Border" - necessary for dividing the space into several functional zones. To do this, on its surface there are several separate drawings. The main drawing consists of geometric ornaments using floral or animal themes. "Border" looks great in combination with other types of art flooring.

• "Craquelure" - It is interesting in that it has an aged look. For artificial aging, technology is used that causes scratches and cracks on the floor surface.

The choice of drawing depends on the personal wishes of the buyer, the main thing is that he complements and improves the style of the room.

Specifications

The production of art flooring is a very laborious process that takes a lot of time and effort. That is why it has excellent performance characteristics - it is not afraid of humidity and tolerates temperature extremes. The quality of this flooring cannot be low, since the best materials and equipment are used to create it. It can last several decades without changing its original appearance at all.

Each tree species has its own unique features. So, for example, oak is characterized by durability and high wear resistance, beech is easy to process, and ash has a beautiful multi-layer pattern. The combination of several breeds allows you to get not only luxurious, but also unusually strong and resistant to any external influences.

Obviously, high quality means high cost, so art parquet will cost the buyer a tidy amount.

For this reason, it is extremely rare in residential buildings, and mainly decorates prestigious institutions, museums and exhibition halls.

Dimensions

Modern flooring manufacturers produce art flooring in various sizes. This is due to the fact that all rooms have different dimensions, and usually parquet tiles are selected individually. Piece dies have a length of up to 500 mm, a width of 40 to 75 mm, and a thickness of 15-22 mm. Custom-made boards can be of any size. Their thickness can be equal to 15-18 mm, and length and width - 500 x 500, 550 x 550, 1000 x 100, 600 x 600 mm and so on.

Materials and texture

Various types of wood can be used to make art parquet, be it oak, walnut or juniper. Such a variety allows you to get a high-quality product that will not be afraid of any external influences. In addition, wood has always been considered environmentally friendly and safe material.

The texture of the artwork can be piece, panel, typesetting and seamless. The best texture - seamless - allows you to create a beautiful, even background. Her drawings always become a spectacular addition to the home decoration project.

Piece boards allow you to create a heterogeneous floor structure by mixing different colors. A single-lane strips are necessary to obtain a uniform surface.

The panel panels are designed to create a patterned texture that gives the room a luxurious look. The modern texture is a homogeneous panel with a slight difference in tones. It is she who is most often found in homes.

Additional items

Elements of art parquet are used to frame the main field of the parquet. For this, sockets, borders and mosaics are used.

Borders are needed to perform one of two possible functions: visually zoning the room or making a smooth transition from one picture to another. In addition, borders are used for unusual framing of spaces and for the design of outlets and decorative elements.

A decorative element is necessary to give the parquet a unique design. Elements can be stacked in any order using any technique. Usually they do not have a certain picture, so the floor always turns out to be individual.

Mosaic elements are most often designed to complement sockets, and outwardly they are a repeating pattern.

Styling options

To lay a piece of highly artistic parquet, you can use several methods. The most popular is a method called French "Christmas tree".

In this case, the parquet panels are folded perpendicularly or diagonally to the side walls.

Another famous checkers method involves laying panels in squares. This layout requires the use of several species of wood to get an interesting pattern.

But basket method is an interweaving of several dice. Usually, several different colors of wood are selected for this to get a beautiful combination.

Quite complicated is laying "rhombuses"at which the panels are joined at an angle of 45 degrees, without cutting. Therefore, a lot of material is consumed.

Manufacturers

Despite the fact that art parquet originated in France, Russia has seriously enough succeeded in its production. Many companies specialize in the manufacture of parquet coatings of varying complexity and design.

Today the company is very famous "Siberian master", which produces art dies of any shape and type. Buyers can contact this company to create an individual project.

The company is proud of its own production SlavParket, which offers a wide range of products at affordable prices.

No less popular is the manufacturer Design Parquet. He produces parquet panels using German equipment and using various types of wood. The company is also engaged in laying parquet and floorboard.

Any coating, like furniture, must be properly looked after. The art coating consists of wood, so it tends to respond to high humidity. For this reason, it must be kept in a room with a normal level of humidity - 45-60%.

To preserve the aesthetic appearance of the panels, it is necessary to regularly air the room. And so that the surface of the floor does not fray, you need to cover it with a special protective agent that will extend the integrity of the canvas for a long time.

Do not clean the floor after laying parquet for at least 24 hours. After it completely dries, furniture can be installed on it, but you need to do this very carefully so as not to leave dents or scratches.

After laying, the dies should lie for 14 days, after which they can be wiped with a wet rag. It must be very soft so as not to peel off the varnish.

In order for the parquet floor to always look fresh, it must be wiped with wax every two months.

Stylish solutions in the interior

Art parquet always looks gorgeous. After all, the combination of several species of wood and the variety of shapes and patterns make any interior unique.

Light floors with a slight tint transition look very stylish in a wide hall. On them volumetric patterns can be depicted, which will further increase the space.

In the living room, parquet boards laid in a fir-tree look good. At the same time, it is not necessary to put them in one row, you can experiment and twist several tones in two rows.

Highlight the luxury of a classic style with ash parquet panels. They have a beige color with a yellow tint, on which contrasting brown patterns look spectacular.

An interesting result can be achieved using light gray dies. They blend harmoniously with the white walls and ceiling.

Whatever design was chosen for art flooring, it is necessary to understand that all other interior solutions will revolve around it. Therefore, you need to consult with a specialist in advance and create a project on which all elements of the decor will be marked.

More types of art flooring in the next video.

The origin of parquet in Europe

The world owes its origin to parquet in Gothic Europe, where at that time (at the end of the XIII - beginning of the XIV centuries) in the houses of a noble nobility, floors began to be lined with originally selected planks from various tree species that formed floor coverings in the form of drawings and ornaments. The floors in the living quarters were covered more modestly - with boards that were worked roughly and uniformly, they could be varnished or painted. It was then that the idea arose of dividing an ordinary massive floorboard into separate planks of a strict geometric shape. This is how piece parquet came about. In the Middle Ages, parquet became an obligatory part of the interior of castles, palace halls and housing of the high society.

Parquet in Russia in the 16th century

The first parquet floors in Russia were floors from art parquet, panel parquet, piece parquet (“oak bricks”) and a massive parquet board. The history of parquet in Russia begins around the sixteenth century - when in addition to flooring planks consisting of large massive boards the entire length of the room, floor coverings began to be made from so-called “oak bricks” cut from oak boards. Such floors were called "mowing", because they fit exactly with the famous herringbone pattern. They were laid out on a roughly worked base of soft wood species - mainly pine.

Parquet in Russia in the 17th century

In the 17th century, in Russia, parquet was laid on a calcareous base, covering the joints between the parquet floors with lime mixed with resin. On the edges of the walls laid oak borders. Parquet of this kind was laid a little earlier - floors in the Dmitrov Cathedral in Vladimir, St. Basil’s Cathedral, the Don Monastery in Moscow can serve as an example. Then, woodcarving was especially popular, which served as the basis for the further development of artistic parquet. But one cannot say with complete accuracy that woodcarving was inherent only in this historical period - it began its development and formation back in the 15th-16th centuries, having reached an unusually high level of art by that time. Most popular were “oak bricks” (oak staves), which made up the palace floors.

Parquet in Russia in the 18th century

In Russia at that time, woodcarving was widely popular, which gave impetus to the origin and development of artistic parquet on Russian lands. At first it was made by Russian masters-pavers on a shield basis (panel parquet). The most popular sizes were shields of two by two arshins, which in terms of modern units of length is 1.42 * 1.42 meters. Shield parquet, laid on shields of 1.5 by 1.5 arshins (1.07 * 1.07 meters, respectively) and 5 by 3 arshins (3.55 * 2.13 meters in terms of modern units of space) was much less common. ) Art parquet was usually performed in 2 ways - intarsia, which implied inlay, and marquetry, which consisted of typesetting. Wooden flooring was also made by the method of logs chopped along the entire length. Sometimes they were laid directly on adobe floors (especially in the southern regions), but also attached to beams and nails made of wood.

Peter the Great, having closed the Armory in Moscow (in 1711 the workshops engaged in woodcarving), transferred all the craftsmen to work in St. Petersburg - for the manufacture of floors in palace complexes under construction. Craftsmen learned to lay on the floor "wooden carpets", harmonizing in their compositional content with ceiling paintings. The technique of laying the parquet consisted mainly in the manufacture and collection of panels laid out on a grate of durable and well-dried boards. This historical method later became a popular modern technology for the production and laying of parquet.

By the end of the 18th century, art parquet became especially valuable and highly artistic. The impetus for the development of parquet craft in general and art flooring in particular in Russia was given during the construction of St. Petersburg palaces. At that time, new styling methods appeared, which were improved and developed. Those times became the period of the Golden Age of art parquet in Russia. At that time, Russian parquet owners began to develop new types of wood for parquet, switching from pear, boxwood, ash, beech, oak and plane trees to imported, exotic types of trees. From Russian trees, parquet wood of birch, pine and oak was suitable for parquet. Parquet floors made of them were resistant to wear and abrasion of the surface. An example is the parquet of Muranov, Arkhangelsk and Ostankin, floors in Kuskovo (in the museum-estate) and in the Ostankino palace-museum. In general, master-pavers used more than 50 types of wood in their work, among which were:

Parquet in Russia in the 19th — 20th centuries

Parquet production throughout the 19th century was carried out exclusively by hand. At that time, Ohten masters in laying flooring distinguished themselves. It was them in the 19th century who were invited to work in the houses of the high society nobility of that time and in St. Petersburg palaces (then active work was done on the decoration of the palaces). For example, in 1823, the Russian architect commissioned the laying of parquet in the Mikhailovsky Palace to Stepan Tarasov, a native of Okhta and his comrades. In the subsequent years of the XIX century, the architect Stasov invited Okhten craftsmen - Stepan Tarasov, Fedor Andreev, Dmitry Nikitin, Safron Timofeev, Ivan Izotov and other masters to work in the Winter and Catherine Palace.

Parquet industrial enterprises began to emerge at the beginning of the 20th century. Then, in the early years, specialized factories began to launch their workshops, which switched to mass production of parquet from a wide variety of wood species. Parquet floors of the 19th and early 20th centuries became an example of Russian classics. From that time, experiments began in the parquet business - in its production, in styling (in styles, form, wood, working methods). A gradual transition to other types of wooden flooring was carried out.

Parquet

Piece parquet is perhaps the most common type of parquet. It is a set of planks (rivets) with ridges and grooves for fastening from hardwood. The planks are made entirely of solid, valuable wood. The thickness of the slats ranges from 15-22 mm, the length reaches 500 mm, and the width reaches 75 mm.

Piece parquet has advantages over many types of parquet:

• long service life of the floor covering,
• the possibility of multiple repairs,
• the possibility of styling with various drawings, including artistic styling.

Art flooring basic concepts

A floor covering having a complex plot composition in an ornamental or mosaic design is called art parquet. Its feature is that it consists of different species of wood at the same time. With the help of individual elements that differ in color and appearance, a whole canvas with an unusually beautiful image is formed.

Modular Shield

Modular parquet - prefabricated structure of regular geometric shape, consisting of individual wooden dice. This type of flooring is connected according to the principle of a thorn groove into a single canvas with a clearly repeating pattern. Laying such a parquet is best done in rooms with a small area or oblong-shaped rooms with a large number of decorative elements.

Advantages of this flooring: multi-layered structure, a wide range of patterns, installation easier and faster, affordable cost, excellent performance of the material.

"Power socket"

One of the complex type of ornaments is considered to be a “rosette”, consisting of round, oval, square or other geometric elements based on monograms, animals, floral or floral motifs. In the manufacture of using different types of wood differing in color and direction of the fibers. The store is purchased as a whole composition.

"Border"

This view is used to divide one space into several zones or as a border for individual elements in the interior. "Border" emphasizes the shape of the room, outlining the contours with a geometric ornament or floral, whose lines are intertwined.

Manufacturing methods, materials and texture

The technology for the production of elements of art flooring is complex and time-consuming, but thanks to modern equipment, it accelerates the manufacturing process of even the most complex drawings on the floor. Parts are produced using laser technology with high precision cutting complex geometric shapes. Drawing on the blanks is done thanks to computer design, then a choice of wood species is made, the most popular are oak, ash, walnut, exotic - mahogany, wenge, then the necessary parts are cut to create a specific image. Ready-made modules come to the distribution network or as separate elements with an assembly scheme.

There are several techniques for creating a pattern of wooden elements:

• "Marquetry" - the essence of the process is mosaic technique, first the details are made of different types of wood, a drawing is applied to the shield, then the elements are glued to the base according to the given pattern. If the idea of ​​the image is quite voluminous, then several modules are pasted at once, and when stacking they are assembled into a single picture.

• Intarsia - to create an image, an array of a tree of a certain breed is taken as a basis, grooves are cut out. Each element of the picture is made separately from other breeds based on the sketch. In the future, all the elements cut into the base directly during installation, forming a full-fledged image. The assembly of this type is done manually and requires high skills of the master and is the most valuable floor covering.
  The advantage of this type, durability and the possibility of restoration.

• "Inlay" - a way to give the coating elegance and luster, for this, inserts of metal or stone are used in the drawing.
• "Countess" - An ancient technique, such a flooring in our time can be found in palaces, historical buildings. During production, a gutter is cut out in the massif, which is filled with valuable natural material, amber, metal, wood dust and others.

Rules for choosing art flooring

When choosing an artistic cover, attention should be paid not only to the drawing, but also to the technical indicators.

1. The combination of material in color and texture. Sharp color transitions, contrasting combinations are best eliminated. Harmonious, subtle transitions will give the picture a unique look.
2. Coated Image Sizes. Large and bright paintings will perfectly decorate bright rooms with a small amount of furniture.
3. Should purchase additional items such as: skirting, inserts, glue, substrates and others.
4. Rate quality indicators, product integrity, related documents, warranty card.

The advantages of natural wood parquet

• one of the important advantages is durability. Subject to the rules of maintenance, it will last several decades, and the ability to restore it will extend its service life.
• restoration of the decor to its original appearance by grinding and coating the protective layer.
• use of natural material - wood, environmentally friendly material for humans and the environment.
• coating allows absorb extraneous soundsalso possesses thermal insulation properties.
• possesses high decorative and aesthetic qualities, such a coating will emphasize the style and taste of the owner and give the interior a highlight.
• universal flooring used in homes, apartments, as well as offices, exhibition halls, palaces, residences.

Styling features

In order to qualitatively and without errors make the laying of the parquet, it is necessary to study the instructions in detail and strictly comply with all the prescribed requirements for the laying technology.

• Foundation preparation. The first thing that is necessary is to prepare a draft foundation, that is, before installing the parquet, the foundation must be clean, dry, strong and perfectly even, an allowable deviation of 2 mm per 1 m2. To do this, it is leveled with the help of special building mixtures such as bulk liquid floor. After which the surface is ground, cleaned of dust and primed. The base can be either a concrete screed or a wooden surface.
• Screed laying is carried out using special glue, but only after the concrete surface has completely dried, after about 4-6 weeks approximately. The glue is selected according to the type of wood and the specification of the material, it is dispersive, synthetic, two-component, polymer.
• If laying is carried out on moisture resistant plywoodIt is recommended that you pre-mark and layout the parts. Work is carried out at a temperature of + 18 ° C and a humidity of 40-60%. In order to exclude the possibility of squeaks and the departure of parquet, it is necessary to divide the standard sheet of plywood into 4 parts. The plywood is fastened with self-tapping screws, and so that the seams of the plywood and the parquet do not coincide, they should be placed in a different direction, for example, if the base is laid directly, then the parquet is laid diagonally and vice versa. Parquet modules can be connected in a glueless way with a tongue-and-groove system, but the glue connection is more reliable.

• Parquet laying. Before laying, it is imperative to make a temperature seam of 1 cm between the wall and the floor. The next step is the application of glue to the surface and the ends of the planks using a notched trowel. After that, the parquet floors are pressed and fixed, and excess glue is removed. It is worth remembering that the assembly of art flooring should be done according to the attached scheme. For a tight connection, the details are knocked out with a special rubber hammer. Further work is carried out a week after the glue dries.

• Grinding and applying a protective coating (varnishing). After the installation work is completed, we proceed to grinding, making the coating even and smooth. Then the dust is removed with a vacuum cleaner and go to the stage of varnishing. Before applying varnish, the floor is primed. It is recommended to purchase a primer and varnish of the same brand. When choosing a varnish, you should pay attention to the basis: water, solvents, polymer resins and others. Varnishing protects the parquet from moisture and mechanical stress. A varnish is applied from 3 to 9 layers, with each subsequent complete drying of the layer, about a day. After 1-2 months, the coating gains full strength and you can proceed to the arrangement of furniture.

Care and restoration

Careful care will provide a decorative coating with a long service life, and the possibility of restoring the natural floor will still please more than a dozen years. Since wood is whimsical and does not like the effects of water and dry air, you should remember the general recommendations:

• not allowed use hard abrasive products for washing alcohol, gasoline, solvent.
• if a to the surface water spilled must be removed immediately. Carry out wet cleaning with a soft cloth or vacuum cleaner.
• minor mechanical damage (scratches, scuffs) are removed with a wax pencil.
• for furniture with legs special rubber caps are purchased.
• During the heating season It is recommended to supplement the humidification with a special device.
• once a month, a wax-containing protective compound can be applied polish.
• to give the parquet its original appearance restoration workremoving the old layer of varnish, putty, grind and apply a new layer of varnish.

TOP 5 producers of art flooring in Russia and Belarus

Today, Russia is worthy of competition with world-class leaders. Russian manufacturers have seriously succeeded in the production of art flooring of varying complexity and design. Due to the fact that the production sites are located on the territory of Russia, it was possible to reduce the cost of flooring. Based on the sources available to us on the Internet, according to sales agents, consumer reviews, experts on the installation and operation of this type of flooring, we can distinguish several leading manufacturers:

• Company "Artparket" No. 1 manufacturer in Russia for the production of flooring and the development, sale of wooden products from floor to ceiling, provide design services and installation works. The manufacturer manufactures its own production on innovative equipment with maximum precision parts. They provide a large catalog of products: art flooring, solid planks, piece parquet, multi-layer parquet, sports floors and related products. Using the ART parquet Design program, you can independently participate in the development of the choice of exclusive parquet.
• Domestic producer of art flooring "Russian classics". The company’s activities are based on the manufacture of complex flooring decors: sockets, borders and others. Designers and specialists of the company draw inspiration from the works of famous masters of art in such styles as empire, baroque, etc. The manufacturer produces some elements of parquet exclusively by hand. The company is developing and expanding its product range in the field of flooring.
• Parquet factory "Cosvik" (Belarus) a foreign company, the production line is located in Minsk, based on Canadian capital. A full production cycle from A to Z, which allows you to fully control the process of all stages of parquet board manufacturing, guaranteeing the quality and high level of finished products. The production program consists of manufacturing: solid wood, classic parquet, modular and block parquet. Other finishing materials: ceiling-wall panels, decking, related products.
• Production of exclusive parquet from the brand Green Wood due to the equipment of the plant with Austrian equipment. In the territory of the Krasnodar Territory there are three parquet production plants. The first production line is a massive board, the second line is a parquet board and flooring for Elite flooring. The third line is the production of art flooring.
• The brand "Da Vinci" international flooring company: solid board, piece parquet, art parquet, mosaic. Available in Europe with a wide selection of assortment and are suitable for commercial and private facilities. Production is located in Russia. Quality control of products is carried out according to European standards. Warranty from the manufacturer reaches up to 25 years.

Massive board (massive parquet)

The modern form of natural wooden parquet is a massive board. It differs from piece parquet in the linear dimensions of the slats and in that the massive board does not allow laying with many drawings. Most often, a massive board is also more expensive, since it requires more solid wood for its manufacture.

A massive board is a floor covering made entirely of solid wood. Structurally, in a massive board, you can select the same parts as in a piece parquet:

• crest - the protruding part of the massive board, used to connect with adjacent boards during installation,
• groove - a recess on the side and end edges of the massive board, which includes a comb for connecting to adjacent boards,
• wear layer - the top layer of the massive board from the front to the top of the ridge or groove, the wear of which determines the life of the parquet coating (the thicker the wear layer, the greater the number of sandings it is possible to produce on the parquet coating),
• front side - the outer surface of the wear layer,

The main characteristics that distinguish a massive board from piece parquet are dimensions. According to GOST 2695-83 “Hardwood lumber. Specifications "a massive board can be considered strips of 500 mm in length. This GOST was approved in 1983 and not all modern manufacturers adhere to it. Tolerances on the geometry of a massive board, according to GOST 2695-83, are greater than for piece parquet. For boards up to 32 mm thick, it regulates the maximum deviations in thickness +/- 1.0 mm, in width for boards up to 100 mm wide - +/- 2.0 mm, and widths over 100 mm - +/- 3.0 mm.

Thus, in most cases, a massive board comes with a chamfer - a V-shaped cut at the ends of the board. It is necessary in order to hide possible differences both in height and in width of the board. Subsequently, when the board is likely to change its dimensions, such changes will be less noticeable.

Natural Parquet Substitutes

Natural parquet has certain disadvantages:

• difficult to lay
• laying takes time
• often requires additional surface treatment after installation (grinding and varnishing of the parquet),
• sensitivity to changes in temperature and humidity,
• high price,
• high consumption of wood.

The use of substitutes for natural parquet - a three-layer parquet board and laminate - avoids some of the shortcomings of natural wood floors.

Three-layer parquet board

The board consists of three layers of natural wood - that is why the parquet board is called a three-layer. This design was invented in ancient Rome [ source not specified 1400 days ]. The fibers of the three layers of this design are transverse to each other. This is designed to increase the resistance of the floor covering to changes in humidity and temperature. For European manufacturers, only the top layer of the parquet board consists of valuable wood, and the lower ones consist of conifers. Other manufacturers whose plants are located on other continents use wood of no value to them on the lower layers. For example, in Indonesia, for the manufacture of hevea parquet, the second and third layers use wood of such species as merbau or rosewood.

The width and length of the parquet board allows you to make various designs: from single-lane, when the entire top layer of the board is one plank of a single piece of valuable wood raw material, to three- and four-lane - in this case, on the same plank there are several small lamellas of the same width .

Almost all manufacturers already at the factory cover the parquet board with a protective oil-wax or varnish coating, which further significantly reduces the time and resources required for laying such a board, since it does not need to be coated with a long-drying parquet varnish.

Advantages of a three-layer parquet board:

• the use of natural materials,
• simplicity and relatively low cost of installation,
• high laying speed
• wood saving
• ease of coating care.

Laminate flooring (laminate)

Laminate can be called parquet only with a certain stretch, since the parquet consists of natural wood, but the laminate - no. Laminate only imitates wood, although it can just as well imitate natural stone or ceramic tiles. However, the term “laminated flooring” is so firmly established that it is impossible to ignore it.

Laminate consists of four layers:

• top layer - melamine or acrylic resin - lamination,
• the second layer - decorative - it determines what the future flooring will look like,
• Next comes the main layer of the laminate - particleboard or high density fiberboard. It determines the strength, rigidity and maintains the constancy of the linear dimensions of the laminate strip,
• the bottom layer of the cake protects the entire structure from moisture.

The total thickness of the laminate depends on the production technology, the quality of the laminate and varies between 7-11 mm.

Modular flooring

Modular parquet is considered to be an element of decor, which should combine several fragments of various shapes and have a complex (but, at the same time, very beautiful) design drawing. Also, such parquet is made of various types of wood, the combination of which forms very interesting mosaic compositions.

According to experts, each species of wood should be compatible in color and texture, and exhibit identical behavior on certain temperature conditions, the possible effects of various mechanical stresses and humidity fluctuations.

How do they do it?

The painstaking process of sawing, turning, polishing each part of the pattern takes a lot of time. Wood processing with modern equipment can significantly facilitate and unify the process of manufacturing palace parquet. A drawing using computer design is transferred to a pattern, parts are selected by type of wood, then the necessary parts of the image are cut out from each species with the most accurate dimensions using a laser, which helps to avoid gaps.

The presence of demand for high-quality flooring made of natural wood made it possible to establish the production of typical modules for parquet. Various patterns are created from these modules to the taste of the customer.

The surface of the floor is prepared in a special way for laying with parquet: waterproofing is done, the screed is poured, plywood is placed on top, the last layer is parquet. After the assembly of the parquet is completed, the surface is polished, if necessary, some elements or the entire floor are tinted or tinted. To give expressiveness to the floor, the blanching technique is used - treatment with a metal brush against the direction of the fibers. This gives the coating a noble touch of antiquity.

After that, the parquet is coated with a special varnish or wax and left to dry completely. Only after completing the entire technological chain can you see and evaluate the picture of the artistic parquet in all its glory.

Drawings and texture

The parquet pattern can be made in a strict classical style, or have curved lines of the Art Nouveau style, or a floral ornament of Mediterranean design. A picturesque drawing of wood can follow the canons of carpet design. As a rule, a central pattern and a border with a border are used here.

The central element may be in the form of a socket. This ornament is round, oval, rectangular or diamond-shaped, having a clear center of composition.

The outlet is placed either in the middle of the room or as an accent for a specific area.

There can be several outlets if several zones are allocated. For example, in the lobby they are located near the fireplace, in the sofa and in the dance room. The socket is the main artistic image on the rest of the monotonous part of the floor, it can be a symmetrical set of details of different species of wood in the form of a specific pattern, or it can depict the emblem of the owners of the house, a scene from an epic, a flower or a totem animal. The size of this element varies from very small to an ornament that occupies the entire surface.

Outlets sometimes use inlays to add weight and value to interior design. Inlay is made of the same materials that are involved in the decoration of walls or furniture. For example, columns of pink marble suggest inserts of the same marble in the parquet.

The pattern can conditionally repeat the pattern of the ceiling lamp. The socket is the main accent of the entire floor pattern, so it must be performed at the highest level.

The border is designed to support the stylistic decision of the central composition pattern. It is a set of identical modules located at some distance from the walls or directly along the walls. The border is made of the same wood species as the outlet, while maintaining the rhythm of the picture. The border outlines the visual border of the front area, serves as a decoration of the floor covering and participates in zoning of space.

The border can be laid out using modules. Modules are ready-made square elements with a finished part of the parquet pattern, which has special grooves for attaching to each other and to the rest of the floor covering. Modules can lay out the entire floor canvas. Using a seamless texture creates the effect of infinity, it looks very presentable.

Piece laying of typeset parquet involves a huge variety of types of layout.It is traditional to lay the dies at an angle of 90 degrees to each other, the result is a “Christmas tree” pattern. The “French tree” styling looks elegant - the ends of the dies are cut according to the angle of inclination (from 30 to 60 degrees).

The arrangement of several planks perpendicular to each other creates a pattern similar to a chessboard. Dies can be arranged in the form of interweaving squares according to the type of low-end weaving. Such weaving in the form of a hexagon will create a basket arrangement.

How to choose?

When choosing parquet, you should focus on trusted manufacturers. It is necessary to check quality certificates, get advice from specialists. It will not be out of place to make sure that the declared dimensions correspond to the accuracy of the groove joints, learn about the technical characteristics of the selected wood so that the parquet will serve for many years.

Choosing a picture, you need to follow the general style and colors of the interior.

How to care?

Artistic parquet care is specific. If finishing is done with wax or oil, then washing this floor is unacceptable. The floor is regularly cleaned of dust and rubbed with special mastics. Varnish coatings are more convenient in home care, you can produce wet cleaning.

It is necessary to maintain optimal humidity. Excess moisture can lead to swelling of the fibers and bulging of parts from the coating web. It is advisable to observe the temperature regime, since too dry hot air leads to drying of the parquet board and the formation of gaps between the dies.

Once every several years, the external coating of the parquet must be renewed with wax or varnish. With mechanical damage, it will be necessary to change the details of the pattern, which only specialists can do, in addition, it may be difficult to acquire a die from this tree species, which is not always possible.

Observing these rules, parquet for decades will decorate your home and maintain its artistic value.

Ideas in the interior

The pattern laid out in a circle fits perfectly into the round-shaped room. Refinement and grandeur are the main features of art parquet.

Parquet made using marquetry technique can create an atmosphere of palace luxury.

Art parquet is the best addition to the room, made in the Art Nouveau style.

See the next video for more on this.